2-Aminofluorene , 98% , 153-78-6

Synonym(s):
2-Fluorenamine;2-Fluorenylamine

CAS NO.：153-78-6

Empirical Formula: C13H11N

Molecular Weight: 181.23

MDL number: MFCD00001125

EINECS: 205-817-8

PRODUCT Properties

• Melting point: 124-128 °C (lit.)
• Boiling point: 304.35°C (rough estimate)
• Density: 1.0941 (rough estimate)
• refractive index: 1.6118 (estimate)
• storage temp.: Keep in dark place,Inert atmosphere,Room temperature
• solubility: soluble in Ether,Alcohol
• form: powder to crystal
• pka: 4.34±0.20(Predicted)
• color: White to Orange to Green
• Water Solubility: <0.1 g/100 mL at 19.5 ºC
• BRN: 1945861

Description and Uses

Occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic amines (PAA) has occurred historically in the rubber, textile, and dye industries. Some sources of nonoccupational exposure to PAAs include inhalation of tobacco smoke, emissions from heated cooking oil and diesel engine exhaust, and dermal exposure to hair dyes.
During the 1870s, the first aromatic amine dyes were manufactured in Germany (dyes of natural origin were used prior to the synthesis of dyes). In 1895, a physician by the name Rehn reported a cluster of patients who had developed bladder cancer. He observed that all of the affected workers were employed at a site in Germany that manufactured fuschsin dye. The workers had all been exposed to large amounts of intermediate arylamines. The United States first started manufacturing dyes in the early 1900s when trade between the United States and Germany was halted during the First World War. DuPont was the first company to begin manufacturing synthetic dyes in the United States, and shortly thereafter (1930s) the physicians employed by DuPont also started reporting an increased incidence of workers who had developed bladder cancer. During 1947, a physician by the name of Mengellsdorf who was employed by DuPont reported that 100% of the workers who handled the chemical betanaphthylamine had developed bladder cancer. By the 1950s, Chinese dye manufacturers reported the development of bladder cancer in workers who handled benzidine. Evidence of the development of bladder cancer associated with the manufacture of dyes continued to mount, and during the 1970s dye manufacturing was discontinued in the United States and was taken over by developing nations. During the early 1970s, the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) began regulating aromatic amines that had been associated with the development of bladder cancers. During the 1980s, DuPont reported retrospectively that 316 of their dye manufacturing workers had developed bladder cancer prior to the discontinuation of dye manufacturing in the United States. During the 1990s, the first reports of bladder cancer in the Chinese dye manufacturing industry became public.
Hair dye products manufactured prior to the mid-1970s contained chemicals that were shown to produce cancer in rodents. Some of these chemical included aromatic amines. The manufacturers of hair coloring products began reformulating their products to remove these potentially carcinogenic compounds from their products beginning in the mid-1970s. It is not clear if some of the ingredients in contemporary hair products can cause an increased risk of cancer. The US National Cancer Institute reported that there may be an increased risk of developing non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in people who used hair dyes prior to the 1980s; however, the data are limited and often inconsistent.

PAAs are used in the rubber, textile, and dye industries. They are used as intermediates in the manufacture of plastics, drugs, and carbamate pesticides. The aromatic amines 2-aminofluorene and N-acetyl aminofluorene were being developed during the 1930s for use as pesticides; however, they were found to be carcinogenic in laboratory animals. They were never marketed as pesticides.

Safety

• Symbol(GHS): GHS07,GHS08
• Signal word: Warning
• Hazard statements: H302-H341-H351
• Precautionary statements: P264-P270-P301+P312+P330-P501-P201-P202-P280-P308+P313-P405-P501a
• Hazard Codes: Xn
• Risk Statements: 68-40
• Safety Statements: 45-36/37-24/25
• WGK Germany: 3
• RTECS: LL5075000
• HS Code: 29214980