N-(2-Fluorenyl)acetamide , 10mMinDMSO , 53-96-3

Synonym(s):
N-Acetyl-2-aminofluorene;2-AAF;2-Acetamidofluorene;N-Fluoren-2-ylacetamide

CAS NO.：53-96-3

Empirical Formula: C15H13NO

Molecular Weight: 223.27

MDL number: MFCD00001116

EINECS: 200-188-6

PRODUCT Properties

• Melting point: 192-196 °C(lit.)
• Boiling point: 364.56°C (rough estimate)
• Density: 1.0707 (rough estimate)
• refractive index: 1.5500 (estimate)
• storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
• solubility: Soluble in acetone, acetic acid, alcohol (Weast, 1986), glycols, and fat solvents (Windholz et al., 1983)
• form: Crystalline Powder
• pka: 14.89±0.20(Predicted)
• color: off-white to tan
• Water Solubility: 10.13 mg/L at 26.3 °C (Ellington et al., 1987)
• Merck: 14,4157
• BRN: 2807677

Description and Uses

2-Acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) was originally synthesized to be used as a pesticide but due to its profound carcinogenicity it is now purely used in research laboratories for research purposes only. The occupations at greatest risk to acetylaminofluorene exposure are organic chemists, chemical stockroom workers, and biomedical researchers. 2-AAF is a tan-colored compound insoluble in water (melting point. 194
C). It is soluble in glycols, alcohols, ether, and acetic acid. 2-AAF is no longer produced in commercial quantities anywhere in the world. In 2009, 2-AAF was distributed in small quantities by 17 specialty chemical companies, including 11 in the United States. As per the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), environmental release of 2-AAF rose from w10 000 to w81 000 lb from 1998 to 2001, and then was contained below 1000 lb in 2003. Although neither the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) nor the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has estimated the number of US workers exposed to acetylaminofluorene, perhaps fewer than 1000 workers in 200 laboratories may have come in contact with this compound.
In order to debate ‘threshold level,’ dose–response relationships, and carcinogenic potential of 2-AAF, a few studies employed very large numbers of female BALB/c StCrlfC3Hf/ Nctr mice, and exposed them to low doses of 2-AAF for up to 33 months. Study findings showed two different types of dose– response relationships for urinary bladder neoplasms and liver neoplasms; bladder neoplasms exhibited a minimum effect level (or a nonlinear response) for specific conditions. In contrast, the late-appearing liver neoplasms displayed a nearly linear response that extrapolated directly to zero dose. Time of exposure (18, 24, and 33 months) was shown to be an important factor for incremental positive response. Induction of bladder neoplasms was shown to occur early in the study, but was dependent on the continuous presence of 2-AAF, whereas the liver neoplasms appeared very late in the study but were shown to be induced at a very early point in the exposures and did not require the continuous presence of the carcinogen in order to develop. Results of this type of studies were consistent with ‘no threshold concept.’ Overall, most studies advocate the importance of the time factor in safety evaluation or risk assessment in carcinogenesis because carcinogen dose, length of exposure, and gender all may play roles in cancer/ tumor development.

Acetylaminofluorene is found as a contaminant in coal gasification processes. It was intended to be used as a pesticide but was never marketed due to its carcinogenicity. It has no known use.

Safety

• Symbol(GHS): GHS07,GHS08
• Signal word: Danger
• Hazard statements: H302-H350
• Precautionary statements: P202-P264-P270-P280-P301+P312-P308+P313
• Hazard Codes: T,N
• Risk Statements: 45-22-51/53
• Safety Statements: 53-36/37/39-45
• RIDADR: UN 3077 9/PG 3
• WGK Germany: 3
• RTECS: AB9450000
• HS Code: 2924 29 70
• HazardClass: 6.1(b)
• PackingGroup: III
• Toxicity: Acute oral LD₅₀ for mice 1,020 mg/kg (quoted, RTECS, 1985).