Home Categories Organic Chemistry Acetonitrile
A0630112

Acetonitrile , Chromatography, ≥99.9% , 75-05-8

Synonym(s):
ACN;Acetonitrile;Methyl cyanide;Acetonitrile solution;Cyanomethane

CAS NO.:75-05-8

Empirical Formula: C2H3N

Molecular Weight: 41.05

MDL number: MFCD00001878

EINECS: 200-835-2

Update time: 2022-07-08

PRODUCT Properties

Melting point: ?45 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 81-82 °C (lit.)
Density  0.786 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor density  1.41 (vs air)
vapor pressure  72.8 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index  n20/D 1.344(lit.)
Flash point: 48 °F
storage temp.  Store at +5°C to +30°C.
solubility  organic solvents: soluble(lit.)
pka 25(at 25℃)
form  liquid
Specific Gravity approximate 0.78(20/20℃)
color  <10(APHA)
Odor Aromatic ether-like odor detectable at 40 ppm
Relative polarity 0.46
explosive limit 3.0-17%(V)
Odor Threshold 13ppm
Water Solubility  miscible
λmax λ: 195 nm Amax: ≤0.12
λ: 200 nm Amax: ≤0.032
λ: 230 nm Amax: ≤0.0044
λ: 235 nm Amax: ≤0.0044
λ: 250 nm Amax: ≤0.0044
λ: 400 nm Amax: ≤0.0044
Merck  14,70
BRN  741857
Henry's Law Constant 7.30 at 5 °C, 8.90 at 10 °C, 11.6 at 15 °C, 14.6 at 20 °C, 17.6 at 25 °C (headspace-GC, Ji and Evans, 2007)
Exposure limits TLV-TWA 70 mg/m3 (40 ppm) (ACGIH and OSHA); STEL 105 mg/m3 (60 ppm) (ACGIH); IDLH 4000 ppm (NIOSH).
Dielectric constant 37.5(21℃)
Stability: Incompatible with alkali metals, acids, bases, reducing agents and oxidizing agents. Highly flammable.
LogP -0.340

Description and Uses

Acetonitrile is a liquid with an etherlike odor. It is a highly polar, volatile solvent used in many different industrial applications. It is widely used in the pharmaceutical, photographic, chemical, and analytical industries. It is useful as an industrial solvent for the separation of olefins, polymers, spinning fibers, and plastics. Other uses include the extraction and refining of copper and by-product ammonium sulfate; used for dyeing textiles and in coating compositions; used as a stabilizer for chlorinated solvents; manufacture of perfumes and cosmetics; and as a general reagent in a wide variety of chemical processes.

Acetonitrile is the simplest organic nitrile. It is a by-product of the manufacture of acrylonitrile, and acetonitrile has, in fact, replaced acrylonitrile. Acetonitrile has a number of uses, primarily as an extraction solvent for butadiene; as a chemical interme- diate in pesticide manufacturing; as a solvent for both inorganic and organic compounds; to remove tars, phenols, and coloring matter from petroleum hydrocarbons not soluble in acetonitrile; in the production of acrylic fi bers; in pharmaceuticals, perfumes, nitrile rubber, and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) resins; in high-performance liquid and gas chro- matographic analysis; and in extraction and refi ning of copper. It is used as a starting material for the produc- tion of acetophenone, alpha-naphthalenacetic acid, thiamine, and acetamidine.

Safety

Symbol(GHS) 
GHS02,GHS07
Signal word  Danger
Hazard statements  H225-H302+H312+H332-H319
Precautionary statements  P210-P280-P301+P312-P303+P361+P353-P304+P340+P312-P305+P351+P338
Hazard Codes  F,Xi,Xn,T
Risk Statements  11-36-20/21/22-10-36/37/38-23/24/25-41-24-20/22
Safety Statements  16-36/37-45-36/37/39-27-26-36
OEB A
OEL TWA: 20 ppm (34 mg/m3)
RIDADR  UN 1993 3/PG 3
WGK Germany  2
RTECS  AL7700000
9
Autoignition Temperature 524 °C
Hazard Note  Highly Flammable/Harmful/Irritant
TSCA  Yes
HazardClass  3
PackingGroup  II
HS Code  29269095
Toxicity LD50 orally in rats: 3800 mg/kg (Smyth)
IDLA 137 ppm

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